DBS Staff Research Day - 2015
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Item Age-related differences in response speed and accuracy on sequential responding tasks(Dublin Business School, 2015) Hyland, John; McGreal, Catherine; O'Hora, Denis; Hogan, MichaelThe aim of the current study was to investigate possible increases in variability of cognitive function and decline in sequential responding performance as a result of aging. Forty six participants, 23 younger (18 – 23 years) and 23 older (55 – 81 years) individuals, took part in a temporal order judgement task. Stimuli were presented in particular sequences (e.g. Stimulus A…Stimulus B), followed by statements either correctly or incorrectly describing these sequences using ‘Before’ or ‘After’ relational cues. The Go/No go paradigm was employed, with participants instructed to respond (Go) if the statement correctly described the sequence and not respond (No go) if the statement was an incorrect description. Results revealed slower responding generally to correct ‘After’ statements compared to correct ‘Before’ statements, supporting previous findings by Hyland and colleagues (2012, 2014). In addition, younger participants demonstrated faster and more accurate responding than older participants. Implications related to the role of executive function will be addressed, as will the importance of such research due to prospective long term population aging. Author keywords: Stimulus relations, age, relational flexibility, mutual entailmentItem How do we overcome non-attendance and lack of engagement of students in interventions designed to increase student attendance and engagement?(Dublin Business School, 2015) Frazer, Patricia; Murphy, Jonathan; Hyland, John; Dickerson, Bryan; Hyland, Pauline; Reid, Rosie; Walsh, MargaretAn intervention based on increasing growth mindset in students was piloted. Experiences and difficulties in reaching the non-attending students with such intervention techniques are discussed. Author keywords: Engagement, attendance, growth mindset, pedagogyItem The time and space of the work of art in the age of “Electrickery”(Dublin Business School, 2015) Kane, MichaelStarting by returning to Walter Benjamin’s idea in “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction” that the technical reproducibility involved in the new media of photography and film would promote a “revolutionary criticism of traditional concepts of art”, this paper looks at some of the suggestions as to what happened in the twentieth century to “traditional concepts of art” – ‘art’ understood in the broadest sense – as well as at how “concepts of art” are so often linked to - or mapped onto - concepts of time and space. What is ‘the work of art’? Where is it? Where do we stand (or sit) in relation to it? The age of youtube and ‘smartphones’ has perhaps added a new dimension to such questions – or possibly just supplied material for a footnote to Benjamin’s 1936 essay. Questions concerning what one might term “The Time and Space of the Work of Art” have been and continue to be discussed by theorists ranging from Benjamin and Marshall McLuhan to Paul Virilio, Zygmunt Bauman and Jacques Rancière in more recent times.Item Light, shadow, and smoke—Friedrich W. Murnau’s Faust (1926), the swan song of cinematic Expressionism(Dublin Business School, 2015) Sadowski, PiotrFriedrich W. Murnau’s silent film version from 1926 of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s play Faust was designed to showcase two of Germany’s most famous cultural exports at the time: the country’s Romantic legacy and cinematic Expressionism. Murnau’s Faust was made when the Expressionist style, with its visual distortions, chiaroscuro lighting, and preoccupation with terror and insanity was already on the wane in German cinema. But rather than recycle the familiar stylistic and thematic Expressionist elements, in Faust Murnau offered a new kind of visual aesthetics, in which the atmospheric play of light and shadow is uniquely combined with the expressive and dramatic use of smoke, fog, mists and clouds. These manifestations of the normally invisible element of the air are dramatically associated in Murnau’s film with supernatural presence, pestilence, terror, moral drama, and human tragedy. An aesthetic category of its own, the “smoky Expressionism” of Murnau’s Faust remains a crowning artistic achievement of German Expressionist cinema.